National reforms related to transversal skills and employability

2025 (April 1- September 14)

In 2025, government reforms focused on reinforcing the employability agenda. Mid-year reports highlighted the integration of employability and entrepreneurship into curricula, accompanied by closer links between education providers and the labor market.

Measures to stimulate interest in STEM subjects were strengthened, with targeted initiatives to increase the participation of girls and young women in science and technology fields.

2024

In 2024, the integration of transversal skills into the national curricula progressed, with stronger emphasis on digital literacy across both school and vocational education programs

Entrepreneurship education was further expanded, with modules aligned to the European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework (EntreComp) introduced in vocational programs. In parallel, extracurricular activities promoting creativity, problem-solving, and critical thinking were scaled up, providing more opportunities for learners to develop soft skills. In 2024, the call was announced for the implementation of non-formal educational courses focused on the development of key competencies. The broader digitalization agenda was reinforced by the introduction of new e-learning frameworks in higher and vocational education, providing additional tools for modernizing teaching and learning.

2023

In 2023, the government introduced new initiatives to develop transversal skills such as critical thinking, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurship module, developed in alignment with the European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework, became mandatory in all VET programs. Additionally, to develop key competencies of vocational students through non-formal education, the competition of extracurricular activities was announced for the second time after 2022.