Types of Institutions
Secondary education is delivered through general secondary schools and vocational institutions. At the secondary education level, there are implemented vocational education programs (secondary vocational educational programs) in which the study results of the secondary level of general education are integrated (integrated programs). Such programs are provided both by vocational educational institutions, colleges, and general educational institutions. After completion of the integrated program, a diploma equivalent to a full general education certificate is issued (Law on General Education (2005) (Article 6).
Geographical Accessibility
Secondary education is accessible nationwide, with additional funding provided for schools in rural and mountainous areas to cover higher operational costs (Article 7, Law on General Education). In small schools, classes may be combined to optimize resources.
Admission Requirements and Choice of School
Admission to secondary education is automatic after completing basic education (grades 7-10). Public schools have an open enrolment policy, while private schools may establish their own admission criteria, provided they meet national standards. SEN students receive individualized assessments to guide appropriate placement in schools (Article 9, Law on General Education).
Age Levels and Grouping of Pupils/Students
Secondary education covers grades 11 through 12, typically for students aged 16 to 18. Students are grouped by age, but rural schools may combine classes for certain subjects to make efficient use of resources (Article 19, Law on General Education).
Organization of the School Year
Secondary schools follow the national academic calendar, which begins in September and is divided into two semesters. Schools may adjust the schedule as necessary, provided they adhere to the minimum number of instructional days (Article 7, Law on General Education).
Organization of the School Day and Week
Secondary schools operate on a five-day week. Instructional hours are governed by the National Curriculum, with a balance between academic and extracurricular activities. SEN students may follow individualized schedules as part of their IEPs (Article 19, Law on General Education).