This chapter provides a thematic and chronological overview of national reforms and policy developments since 2024. The chapter introduction describes the overall education strategy and the key objectives across the entire education system in Georgia. It also observes how the education reform process is organized and who the main actors are in the decision-making process. The chapter regarding the ongoing reforms and policy developments combines reforms in the following broad thematic areas that largely correspond to all education levels:

• Early Childhood Education and Care

• School Education

• Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Adult Learning

• Higher Education

• Transversal skills and Employability

Inside each thematic area, reforms are organized chronologically. The most recent reforms are described first.

Where relevant, references to legislative acts (laws, decrees, and ministerial orders) are provided to clarify the legal basis for reforms.

1. Unified National Strategy of Education and Science and Key Objectives

The Unified National Strategy of Education and Science of Georgia aims to create an inclusive, high-quality, and innovative education system that meets the demands of the 21st-century knowledge economy. The strategy prioritizes accessibility, equity, and quality across all levels of education, ensuring that all learners, regardless of socio-economic background, receive a comprehensive education.

Key objectives include:

•  Ensuring a high-quality, supportive and development-oriented educational process by all early childhood and preschool care and education institutions.

• Strengthening school education with modernized curricula, teacher professional development and enhanced learning environment. 

• Providing an accessible learning process for each student in general educational institutions, focused on highly attainable results and the holistic development of the student.

• Improving the qualifications of teachers and principals and providing needs-based continuous professional development;

• Creating a favourable environment for learning and teaching in general educational institutions and providing them with diverse modern resources

•  Development of an innovative and flexible vocational education system focused on the needs of society and economy;

•  Equipping vocational education students/trainees with the necessary skills and competencies for continuous employment in the local and international labour market.

• Enhancing higher education institutions to support research, innovation, and internationalization.

• Promoting lifelong learning and employability through upskilling and digital literacy programs.

The strategy is guided by the Unified National Strategy of Education and Science of Georgia 2022–2030. The strategy aligns with international standards and best practices, ensuring sustainable and impactful educational reforms.

2. Overview of the Education Reform Process and Drivers

The education reform process in Georgia is guided by a structured decision-making framework involving multiple stakeholders. Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of Georgia (MoESY) serves as the principal governing body, responsible for formulating and implementing national education policies.

Key actors in the education reform process include:

• Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of Georgia (MoESY) - The leading institution for policy development at all levels of education and policy implementation for School Education, Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Adult Learning, Higher Education, Transversal skills and Employability. The implementation of the policy for Early Childhood Education and Care is the responsibility of Local Governments.

• Parliament of Georgia - Approves legislative changes and allocates budgetary resources.

• National Centre for Educational Quality Enhancement (NCEQE) - Ensures accreditation and quality assurance across education levels.

• Local Governments - Play a supporting role across all levels of education, mainly by maintaining infrastructure, ensuring student transportation and safety, and facilitating community-based initiatives.

• International Organizations (EU, World Bank, UN Agencies, etc.) - Provide technical and financial support for educational projects.

• Private Sector and Civil Society: Engage in consultations and partnerships to align education with labour-market demands.

The reform process follows a multi-stage approach, including policy formulation, pilot implementation, stakeholder engagement, and nationwide rollouts. Evidence-based decision-making and international cooperation remain central to ensuring that reforms achieve their intended impact and sustainability.

Through this structured approach, Georgia continues to modernize its education system, enhancing learning outcomes and fostering human capital development to support national economic growth and social well-being.