According to the Basic Law on National Education, the objectives and responsibilities of primary education are to equip all children in Türkiye with the essential knowledge, skills, attitudes, and habits necessary to become good citizens in line with the general aims and fundamental principles of national education. It aims to raise individuals in accordance with national moral values and to prepare them for life and further education in accordance with their interests, abilities, and talents.

Additionally, during the second half of the final school year of primary education, guidance services inform students about the schools and programs available in secondary education, the professions these programs can lead to, and the living standards associated with these professions.

Türkiye has implemented 12 years of compulsory education. The first four years are completed in primary schools, followed by four years in middle schools or imam hatip middle schools. Since 2024, schools offering different programs have been introduced at the middle school level (e.g., music middle schools, sports middle schools, and vocational middle schools). The final four years of compulsory education constitute the secondary education level. In this 4+4+4 system, students attend primary school, middle school/imam hatip middle school, and high school for four years each, excluding preparatory classes. In addition, pre-primary education is also compulsory for individuals with special education needs.

Following the implementation of the Century of Türkiye Education Model, curricula have been renewed, technological infrastructure upgraded, and out-of-class learning opportunities enriched via-AI supported tools.