Compulsory education in Türkiye was extended to 12 years starting from the 2012–2013 academic year and is divided into three stages. The first stage comprises four years of primary school (grades 1–4), the second stage includes four years of lower secondary school (grades 5–8), and the third stage consists of four years of upper secondary education (grades 9–12). The Ministry of Family and Social Services (MoFSS) provides care services for children aged 0–24 months in nurseries, and for children aged 25–66 months in day care centers, alongside pre-primary education programs. Prior to compulsory education, the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) offers pre-primary education in kindergartens and practice classes for children aged 36–68 months, and in kindergartens within primary and secondary schools for children aged 45–68 months (as regulated by the Regulation on Pre-School Education and Primary Education Institutions). Private schools and educational institutions may be established at all levels and for various types, except for imam hatip middle and high schools. These institutions operate under the General Directorate of Private Education Institutions of MoNE.

Higher education in Türkiye comprises programs of at least four semesters following upper secondary education and is delivered by public and foundation (non-profit private) institutions. The levels of higher education include associate, undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs. The Council of Higher Education (YÖK) is responsible for organizing all activities related to higher education.