Funding
Higher education institutions serve in two types: state and foundation. Financial resources for state universities come from shares allocated from the central government budget and the revenues from their revolving funds. In addition to the building, fixtures, and investment expenditures of universities, student costs directly related to education and training are also covered by the appropriations allocated by the state to university budgets. Financial resources for foundation higher education institutions come from tax exemptions provided by the state, tuition fees, and contributions from private individuals, institutions, and organizations.
Financial Management and Control
State and foundation universities are special budget administrations in terms of their financial resources. The budgets of these universities are subject to limited supervision by the central authority. This control is subject to administrative tutelage and does not include any hierarchical control authority. Foundation higher education institutions are non-profit and are obliged to use the tuition fees they receive from students to finance education.
Tuition Fees at Public Universities
Universities do not charge tuition fees to students attending formal education programs. State universities are mainly financed by a share allocated from public resources. Within the scope of the Law on Dual Education in Higher Education Institutions, the Amendment of Certain Articles of the Higher Education Law, and the Addition of an Additional Article to this Law, students attending evening programs pay tuition fees. Tuition fees charged to students attending evening programs also constitute an additional resource.
Financial Support for Families
Higher education institutions provide financial support to students, but there is no financial support for students’ families.
Financial Support for Students
Higher education students are financially supported by the state. Higher education students studying in Türkiye and abroad are supported with scholarships and student loans, and these students are also provided with housing and nutrition services. Other public institutions and organizations with special budgets can also provide scholarships to higher education students through the General Directories for Credit and Dormitories (KYGM).
In order to financially support higher education students who are citizens of the Republic of Türkiye, the institution provides repayable student loans with no compulsory service obligation during the standard education period of the higher education institutions they attend. As stipulated in the Law on Higher Education Credit and Dormitory Services, students repay the loans to the institution in monthly installments starting from the first month, two years after the end of the standard education period. Scholarships and student loans are awarded to students throughout their education, provided that they meet certain criteria. In addition, institutions and organizations such as universities, foundations, associations, non-governmental organizations, etc., provide scholarships to students at a certain rate.
Within the scope of the Law on Students to be Sent to Foreign Countries, MoNE sends students abroad for training and financially supports them on the condition that they work in public institutions upon their return. In this framework, students are awarded grants and loans based on certain academic criteria. In addition, certain institutions, private, and civil organizations offer scholarships and grants for students at higher education level.
Private Education
Higher education institutions consist of foundation higher education institutions, and there are no private universities. These universities have the autonomy to set their own policies and manage their own budgets.