Introduction

Higher education in North Macedonia is organised in accordance with the principles of the Bologna Process and is structured in three cycles: first-cycle (bachelor), second-cycle (master) and third-cycle (doctoral) studies. The system is based on the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). In addition to standard first- and second-cycle programmes, integrated study programmes are offered in specific fields.

Higher education is provided by universities and other types of higher education institutions. Universities offer study programmes at all three cycles, while other institutions may provide professionally oriented programmes. Both public and private institutions operate within the system.

Access to higher education is granted to students who have successfully completed upper secondary education and passed the Државна матура (State Matura) or an equivalent examination. Admission criteria are defined by higher education institutions, in accordance with national legislation.

The system is regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science, while higher education institutions enjoy a degree of institutional autonomy in the organisation of studies, curriculum development and internal management.

In recent years, policy developments have focused on improving the quality and relevance of higher education, strengthening links with the labour market and aligning qualifications with the National Qualifications Framework and European standards. A new legislative framework for higher education, scientific research and quality assurance is currently under public consultation, while the legal framework for innovation activity has been adopted.