Academic year

Akademska godina  
The institution implements classes during the academic year, which, as a rule, begins on September 1, in accordance with the academic calendar. The academic calendar is determined by the professional body of the institution before the beginning of the study year. Teaching in the academic year is carried out in two semesters, each of which lasts 14 weeks. A student of above-average intellectual, academic, creative or psychomotoric abilities, which qualify him/her for the high-level achievements.      

Academic staff

Akademsko osoblje   
Persons carrying out the study program at an institution or otherwise engaged in carrying out the study program.

Accreditation

Akreditacija
A procedure of acknowledgment of validity of study programs i.e. of an institution, their sustainability to the existing standard of quality and the labor market and certificate ensuring the right to an institution to confer degrees for education, profession or vocation.      

Additional classes

Dodatna nastava
Individualized form of work with gifted students.     

Adult Education and Training

Obrazovanje i osposobljavanje odraslih                                                                                 

Agency for Control and Quality Assurance of Higher Education

Agencija za kontrolu i obezbjeđenje kvaliteta visokog obrazovanja 
The Agency performs activities related to quality assurance in higher education in accordance with European standards and guidelines. It is responsible, among other things, for accreditation and re-accreditation procedures.

Andragogue

Andragog 
Expert on adult education and training.     

Associate professor 

Vanredni profesor  

Best students 

Najbolji studenti 
students with highest marks and special affinity towards scientific/artistic work, and who were rewarded prizes at state and international competitions. 

Boarding home for pupils (dormitories) 

Učenički dom 
An institution that provides board and lodging for pupils during their studies and organize educational work, cultural and other pupils’ activities. 

Boarding homes for students (dormitories) 

Studentski dom 
Institutions that provide accommodation, and usually board, for university students during their studies.

Branch class

Područno odjeljenje 
A class dislocated from the head school, and exists when the requirements for establishment of a branch school are not met.

Bureau for Educational Services

Zavod za školstvo 
An institution competent for provision and improvement of the education quality and implementation of development, advisory and research activities in the area of preschool education, primary education, secondary general education, general education in vocational education, education of children with special needs whereas the Centre for Vocational Education is in charge for development, advisory and research activities in the area of vocational education of adults. 

Bureau for Textbooks and Teaching Aids 

Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva 
An institution in charge of preparing and publishing of textbooks and other teaching aids for education up to the university level and issuance of publications and informative papers for the need of education and issuance of manuals for teachers and pupils.   

Career Guidance and Counseling Strategy 2025-2030 

Strategija karijernog vođenja i savjetovanja 2025-2030.

Centers for Information and Professional Counseling (CIPS)

Centri za informisanje i profesionalno savjetovanje 
provide free professional orientation, career planning and counseling services for the unemployed, pupils and students. These centers operate under the Employment Agency.        

Centre for International Cooperation and Career Development at the University of Montenegro

Centar za međunarodnu saradnju i razvoj karijere na Univerzitetu Crne Gore
Career guidance services are available at the University of Montenegro within this Centre and students can get information about different possibilities while they are studying as well as upon graduating. In the area of international cooperation, the Centre is in charge of the preparation of the Strategy of interuniversity and international cooperation, participation and preparation of the applications for international projects, coordination of the mobility of students and University staff.

Children with Special Educational Needs (SEN)

Djeca sa posebnim obrazovnim potrebama 
Children with disabilities and developmental difficulties.

Council for Qualifications 

Savjet za kvalifikacije  
A body responsible for improving the system of qualifications, approving and classification of qualifications in the qualifications framework. 

Council for Higher Education 

Savjet za visoko obrazovanje
A body responsible for the advancement and development of higher education, analyzes the situation and achievements in higher education and makes expert proposals to the Ministry and the Government.

Continuous Professional Development of Teachers

Kontinuirani profesionalni razvoj nastavnika 
The professional development of teachers is a continuous process that begins on the first and ends on the last day of their professional career. It is lifelong learning. The professional development of teachers takes place equally in a formal and informal way.

Crèche

Jaslice 
Part of early childhood education and care, Crèche usually includes children from the age of 1 to 3. According to the Law on Preschool Education, day nurseries include two age groups, although some educational units divide children in three groups.

Curriculum 

Nastavni plan 
The teaching plan and program (curriculum) defines the educational goals, course contents, learning outcomes and lesson fund. The focus is on learning outcomes, where teachers plan lessons on the basis of educational outcomes, not just the content of textbooks.

Diploma "Luča"

Diploma "Luča" 
Acknowledgment awarded to students of primary and secondary school for excellent success in all subjects that are rated by a numerical grade.                        

Diploma Supplement (DS)

Dopuna diplomi 
An additional document which describes the study program and acquired knowledge, skills and competences. As a part of diploma, a Diploma Supplement (DS), based on the official European model, is issued to graduates. As of 2006/07, the DS was made mandatory for all degree programs. The content of the DS is bilingual, in both Montenegrin and English. If the student studies in the language of minorities, then diploma and diploma supplement is issued in the language of minorities as well.

Docent

Docent 
A member of the university teaching staff immediately below professorial rank.

Doctoral studies

Doktorske studije 
Educational degree that equals to level VIII of NQF; title is issued after completing study program lasting up to 3 years and defending doctoral dissertation (system 3+1+1+3, 3+2+3, 5+3 or 6+3). It consists of minimum 180 ECTS credits. Doctoral studies can be organized only at the HEIs which have university status. 

Educational inspection

Prosvjetna inspekcija 
performs inspection in the area of education and sports as regards implementation  of  legislation  in: preschool education and upbringing, primary education and upbringing, general secondary education, vocational secondary education, higher education, education of SEN, adult education and students’ standard.   

Elective subject

Izborni predmet 
Compulsory and non-compulsory elective subject.

European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA)

Evropsko udruženje za obezbjeđivanje kvaliteta u visokom obrazovanju.

European Credit Transfer System (ECTS)

Evropski sistem transfera kredita 
An accumulation and transfer system for undergraduate, postgraduate (specialist – specijalističke studije), Master’s studies (magistarske studije) and doctoral studies (doktorske studije).  

European Higher Education Area (EHEA)

Evropski prostor visokog obrazovanja 

European Standards and Guidelines (ESG)

Standardi i smjernice za obezbjeđenje kvaliteta na Evropskom prostoru visokog obrazovanja. 

Ethics Committee        

Etički komitet 
The Ethics Committee performs work on preserving, promoting and protecting academic integrity. Specifically, the Committee adopts and monitors the implementation of the Ethics Charter; promotes the principles of academic integrity; decides on the proposal for determining the violation of academic integrity for those citizens of Montenegro whose work has been published, i.e. the qualification acquired outside Montenegro; gives an opinion on regulations and initiatives concerning academic ethics.

European Quality Assurance Register for Higher Education (EQAR)

Evropski registar za obezbjeđenje kvaliteta visokog obrazovanja (EQAR).

Examination Centre

Ispitni centar 
Competent for conducting the external assessment of achieved standards, knowledge and skills of pupils, i.e. attendees.

Excursion

Ekskurzija 
short trip organized for students of the 9th grade primary education and last grade of secondary education conducted at the beginning of school year.

Extended stay 

Produženi boravak 
An organized stay and meals for children in school, after the regular, compulsory classes and school activities are finished.

External evaluation

Eksterna evaluacija
External evaluation is assessment of performance and results of institutions providing education. It’s integral part of quality assurance.

External general Matura exam

Eksterna gimnazijska Matura 
Pupils who have completed a four-year upper secondary general curricula and have passed external upper secondary general Matura exam, which provides inclusion in the labor market and right to continue their education.

External vocational Matura exam

Eksterna stručna Matura 
Pupils who continue education pass external vocational Matura exam. Pupils who do not continue education pass vocational Matura exam in school organization.

Extracurricular activities 

Van-nastavne aktivnosti  
Educational activities planned, programmed, organized, conducted in and executed by the school, in which students can participate on voluntary basis.

Field trip

Izlet
short trip organized by a primary school for its students as a learning experience conducted outside of the school site.

Fulltime professor 

Redovni profesor 

Gifted student

Talentovani učenik 
A student of above-average intellectual, academic, creative or psychomotoric abilities, which qualify him/her for the high-level achievements.  

Grade teacher/class teacher 

Učitelj
Teacher that performs teaching in one class from 1st to 5th grade of primary education. 

Grant

Grant 
financial support given to gifted students of all educational levels by the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation on the basis of a public call and legally predetermined criteria. The intention is to provide reward, assistance and encouragement to the students with above-average abilities for their accomplishments.

Higher education (HE) 

Visoko obrazovanje 

Higher Education Development Strategy 2024-2027 

Strategija razvoja visokog obrazovanja
The strategic goal of Montenegro is to develop a system of higher education, research and artistic creativity, which will promote and advance the social, cultural and economic development of Montenegrin society, as a knowledge-based society with equal opportunities for all, in accordance with the principles of freedom and democracy.  

Homeschooling

Obrazovanje kod kuće  
Education organized by the parents during one term, upon approval of the school council.

Inclusive education

Inkluzivno obrazovanje
Inclusive education is a comprehensive, systemic approach that ensures that all children, including children with special educational needs, have equal, high-quality and continuous access to education in regular institutions, with support that enables them to fully participate, develop and achieve educational outcomes. This model implies adapting the system to the needs of the child, removing obstacles in the environment and promoting equality, in accordance with international principles and national laws.

Individual Developmental-Educational Programs (IDEP)

Individualni razvojno-obrazovni programi 
Program for children with disabilities developed at educational institutions for each child with special educational needs.

Individual Transition Plan (ITP)

Individualni tranzicioni plan 
is a planning tool and a supportive framework that helps SEN children and their parents plan for their life after school in a coherent and coordinated way.

Information system of Montenegrin education (MEIS)

Informacioni sistem obrazovanja Crne Gore 
Main Project of the Education Information System of Montenegro, conducted by the Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation, from 2004.

Initial Teacher Education

Inicijalno obrazovanje nastavnika
is the mandatory first stage for becoming a qualified teacher, providing the skills, knowledge, and classroom experience needed to meet national standards.

Kindergarten 

Vrtić 
Part of early childhood education and care. Kindergarten usually includes children from 3 to 5 years of age.

Law on Academic Integrity

Zakon o akademskom integritetu 
This Law, in order to preserve and improve the quality of higher education, regulates the principles of academic integrity of teachers, associates, students, as well as other persons with higher education, forms of violation of academic integrity and the procedure for protecting academic integrity.

Law on Adult Education 

Zakon o obrazovanju odraslih 
This Law regulates the education and learning of adults, who, by their own choice, participate in education, training or learning in order to improve their knowledge, skills and competences or to acquire appropriate qualifications for a more successful life, work and personal development.

Law on Education of Children with Special Educational Needs 

Zakon o obrazovanju djece sa posebnim obrazovnim potrebama 
The education of children with special educational needs, as part of the unique educational system, is carried out in accordance with this law and special laws regulating pre-school, primary, general secondary and vocational education and training.

Law on General Education

Zakon o opštem obrazovanju i vaspitanju
This Law regulates the organization and conditions for carrying out educational work in the areas of: preschool education and education, elementary education, secondary general education, professional education, education of persons with special educational needs and education of adults.

Law on Gymnasium  

Zakon o gimnaziji 
This Law regulates the organization and conditions for carrying out educational work in secondary general schools (gymnasiums). 

Law on Higher Education      

Zakon o visokom obrazovanju 
This Law regulates the basics of higher education, conditions for higher education activities, organization of higher education institutions, quality assurance of higher education, rights and obligations of academic staff and students, types of study programs, financing of higher education, as well as other issues of importance for higher education activities.

Law on National Vocational Qualifications 

Zakon o nacionalnim stručnim kvalifikacijama 
This Law regulates national vocational qualifications, micro-qualifications and key competences, conditions and procedure for obtaining professional qualifications of micro-qualifications or recognition of foreign certificates. 

Law on National Qualifications Framework 

Zakon o nacionalnom okviru kvalifikacija 
This Law regulates the national qualifications framework, levels and sub-levels of qualifications, types of qualifications, scope of qualifications, as well as the competences of bodies for proposing, adopting and classifying qualifications.

Law on Primary Education 

Zakon o osnovnom obrazovanju 
This Law regulates the organization and conditions for carrying out educational work in primary schools, the access to education and student advancement and assessment.  

Law on Vocational Education 

Zakon o stručnom obrazovanju 
This Law regulates the organization and conditions for carrying out educational work in vocational schools, education level qualifications and professional qualifications, training and improvement, quality assurance, enrollment of students, occupational standards and qualification standards, organization of teaching , education with employer. 

Lifelong Entrepreneurial Learning Strategy 

Strategija cjeloživotnog preduzetničkog učenja  

Lifelong Learning (LLL)

Cjeloživotno učenje
Lifelong learning means learning throughout life with the aim of acquiring and improving knowledge, skills and competences related to all areas of an individual's life, including personal, civil and social levels, for the purpose of employment.

Loan      

Kredit
financial support given to higher education students by the Ministry of Education, Science and Education on the basis of a public call and legally predetermined criteria.  

Master craftsman's exam 

Majstorski ispit 
It is taken by candidates who complete three-year vocational school and have three years of work experience in the profession, as well as candidates who complete four-year vocational school and have two years of work experience in the profession. 

Master studies 

Magistarske studije 
Master study programs last two years. Students can be enrolled at the master study program after obtaining applied undergraduate studies or academic undergraduate studies diploma or specialist academic or applied studies diploma. In VII2 sublevel are accommodated qualifications acquired after completing master study program 180+120, 180+60+60 and 240+60 ECTS. 

Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation

Ministarstvo prosvjete, nauke i inovacija 
The Ministry is competent, among other things, for planning, implementation and revision of education policy at all education levels (preschool, primary, secondary and higher education).

Module/course 

Modul 
programmatic and organizational part of an educational, i.e. study program or education program, which includes a set of functionally related knowledge, skills and attitudes, i.e. competencies expressed in learning outcomes and is realized through different forms of teaching (theoretical teaching, exercises, practical teaching); or an independent functional unit within the study program for the acquisition of specific knowledge and skills with a maximum volume of up to 1/3 of the total ECTS volume.

National Professional Qualifications (NPQ)

Nacionalne stručne kvalifikacije 
The professional qualification is the professional competence required for the performance of a profession or certain tasks within a profession. The professional qualification up to the level of higher education is based on the qualification standard and occupational standard, and the professional qualification in the field of higher education is based on a special training program.

National Qualifications Framework (NQF) 

Nacionalni okvir kvalifikacija 
The qualifications framework is an instrument for classifying qualifications in accordance with the descriptions of the levels, expressed through knowledge, skills and competences, which should connect and harmonize individual subsystems of qualifications and improve the transparency, availability, advancement and quality of qualifications, in accordance with the needs of continuing education, the labor market and society as a whole.

National Education Council 

Nacionalni savjet za obrazovanje 
The National Council for Education is established by the Government of Montenegro for the purpose of deciding on professional issues and for professional assistance in the decision-making process and the preparation of regulations in the field of education and upbringing. It appoints three committees: 1) Committee on General Education 2) Committee for Vocational Education; 3) Committee for Adult Education. 

National testing 

Nacionalno testiranje 
The goal of national testing of third and sixth grade students of nine-year primary school is to obtain information on the level of acquired knowledge standards.

Pedagogue

Pedagog
A pedagogue is an education expert who deals with the theory and practice of education, primarily of children. They work professionally in schools guiding children's development, advising parents and educating employees.

Preschool education and upbringing 

Predškolsko obrazovanje i vaspitanje 
Preschool upbringing and education provides the upbringing and education of children, care of children and provides support to parents in improving the quality of life of the family and children.

Primary education 

Osnovno obrazovanje 
Primary education is compulsory for all children aged between 6 and 15; it is divided into three cycles and takes nine years. It is carried out at primary school, resource centre and educational centre. 

Private education 

Privatno obrazovanje 
In accordance with the provisions of the Law on General Education, a private institution may be established by domestic and foreign physical or legal person. Primary school can be established by foreign physical or legal person only for the purpose of foreign citizens education, taking into account that primary education is a constitutional obligation for all citizens of Montenegro. Children who are Montenegrin citizens can acquire primary education in this school only as a supplement to the primary education acquired in accordance with a lawfully public education program, while pre-school and secondary education can be acquired without any restrictions. In accordance with the Law on Higher Education a private higher education institution can be founded by a domestic and foreign physical or legal person. A private institution can start working after obtaining a license. Working license is issued by the Ministry of Education. 

Professor and lecturer of higher education school 

Profesor i predavač visoke škole 

Professional orientation 

Profesionalna orijentacija 
Professional orientation plays an important role in preparation of young people for active and responsible approach in the decision making process concerning the selection of the future career and further education. It tends to develop the decision making ability of students. In general, the subject Professional Orientation represents a set of educational measures and activities providing as the final outcome competent and responsible young people capable of making decisions about career choices and further education independently. 

Quality Assurance

Obezbjeđenje kvaliteta  

Rector 

Rektor 
Responsible for efficient and high quality work and regularity at the University, as well as for management within the business policy determined by the Managing Board. The Rector is elected by the Managing Board among the fulltime professors of the university upon the Senate proposal.

Remedial classes

Dopunska nastava
A form of work with students who do not achieve satisfactory results in the regular programme. 

Resource centers 

Resursni centri  
Resource centers are strictly specialized for education of children with special educational needs. 

Roma and Egyptian population (RE population) 

Populacija Roma i Egipćana 
members of Roma and Egyptian community

Schools for ballet education 

Škole za balet 
In Montenegro, there are two schools for primary ballet education (one state, one private). 

School boards 

Školski odbori  
Primary and secondary schools in Montenegro are managed by the school boards. 

Schools for primary music education 

Škole za osnovno muzičko obrazovanje  
In Montenegro, there are 15 schools for primary music education (14 state, one private). 

School year 

Školska godina 
School year (of the primary and secondary education) usually lasts from September 1st to June 10th.

Scientific/research work 

Naučno-istraživački rad 
Scientific - research work is a structured process of creating new knowledge through systematic research, analysis and argumentative drawing of conclusions. It consists of an introductory part, methodology, results, discussion and literature and is crucial for the development of science and application in practice.

Scientific title 

Naučno zvanje 
Appointment to scientific titles (scientific advisor, senor scientific collaborator and scientific collaborator) for scientific-research work is done by the senate of the university. The same conditions apply as for the appointment to academic titles. 

Shift 

Smjena  
School shift as a form of organizing teaching with one group of students in the school building early in the day and the second group of students later in the day.

Steering committee/ Governing board 

Upravni odbor 
The institutions in the field of preschool education, dorms of school students and university students, and adult education organization are managed by the Steering Committee. The Governing Board is the governing body of the HEIs. The Governing Board is responsible for the overall functioning of the institution. 

Strategy for the Digitization of the education system 2022 - 2027 

Strategija za digitalizaciju obrazovnog sistema 2022 - 2027
The focus is on the improvement of teachers and pupils' digital competences, as well as schools equipment and development of a safe environment through the self-care skills of pupils. Workshops have been developed and organized in 5 schools.

Subject 

Predmet
School subject.

Subject teacher

Predmetni nastavnik   

Teaching assistant 

Saradnik u nastavi  
Teaching assistant (and professional staff) participates in the provision of teaching at HEIs. They are appointed among postgraduate and doctoral studies students. Appointment is done based on a public call. The Statute regulates the procedure and the conditions for appointment. The Rector determines the number of assistant and professional staff, and elections are done at the organizational unit. 

Upper secondary general education 

Opšte srednje obrazovanje 
Upper secondary general education, lasting four years, is being implemented in 12 public high schools and 10 mixed public secondary schools and one private high school. Upper secondary general education is acquired by passing an external matriculation exam, which is a general requirement for continuing education at a higher education institution. It carries level IV of NQF. 

Undergraduate studies 

Osnovne studije
Undergraduate study program are organized as three years studies at the most HEIs in Montenegro. Exceptions are some undergraduate study programs like Philosophy, Teacher training, Teacher training in Albanian Language and Economy which are organized in duration of four years. Also, students who complete undergraduate studies at Medical faculties (6 years), Dentistry and Pharmacy (5 years) can be enrolled in doctoral studies directly. Qualifications acquired after completing undergraduate study program extent of 180 ECTS (Bachelor degree) regardless applied of academic are accommodated in VI level of National Qualification Framework. Qualifications acquired after completing undergraduate study program extent of 240 ECTS (Bachelor degree) regardless applied of academic are accommodated in VII1 level of National Qualification Framework and qualifications acquired after completing of Medical (6 years), Dentistry and Pharmacy studies (5 years) as well.  

Teachers’ license 

Licenca za nastavnike 
A public credential serving as a proof of the required level of general and professional competences. The license is renewed every five years (relicensing), in line with the program of professional development of teachers. Teacher, principal or assistant principal without a license or without a renewed license cannot work in an institution. Licensing and relicensing are conducted by a commission of the Bureau of Educational Services. 

Transversal skills

Prenosive vještine 
In regulations and other documents from the area of education, transversal (transferable) skills can be recognized under a variety of terms: key competences, general competences, key skills, meta-competences, etc. They are developed through programs of certain subjects, and it has been striven towards their cross-curricular development. 

Upper secondary non-tertiary education 

Više stručno obrazovanje 
two-year post-secondary non-tertiary vocational education and one-year education leading to master craftsman title.

Vulnerable groups 

Ranjive grupe