The Education Code of the Republic of Moldova is the basic document that establishes the legal framework on the design, organisation, operation and development of the education system in the Republic of Moldova.
The education system in Moldova is characterised by a structured framework that operates across various levels, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. The Ministry of Education and Research (MER) is the central authority overseeing education policy, curriculum standards, and overall strategic direction. This centralisation ensures a uniform educational standard across the country. However, there has been a trend towards decentralisation and deconcentration, particularly in the administration of primary and secondary education.
At the regional level, local specialised bodies in the field of education play a pivotal role. They implement national policies, manage local educational institutions, and ensure adherence to the standards set by the MER. These bodies facilitate a more localised approach to education, allowing for adjustments based on regional needs and contexts.
Local authorities are responsible for the administration of pre-primary and primary education institutions. They oversee the management of kindergartens and primary schools, including staffing, budgeting, and maintenance. This level of governance enables a closer alignment with the immediate needs of communities and provides more direct oversight of educational quality and infrastructure.
Education institutions themselves, particularly at the tertiary level, have a significant degree of autonomy. The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova guarantees (ensures) higher education institutions the right to autonomy. Universities can design their curricula, establish internal regulations, and manage their finances independently, within the framework of national higher education laws. This autonomy promotes innovation and responsiveness to the labour market and academic trends.
The governance of Moldova’s education system is thus characterised by a balance between central supervision and regional, local and institutional autonomy. The MER ensures consistency and high standards, while regional and local bodies tailor educational delivery to meet the specific needs of their communities. This mixed approach aims to maintain educational quality while fostering adaptability and responsiveness at various administrative levels.