Political situation

Greece is a parliamentary constitutional republic, with the Prime Minister as head of the government and a multi-party system.  The legislative power is vested in the Greek Parliament. The judiciary branch is independent of the executive and the legislative branches.

In 2025, Greece is in the second four-year term of the New Democracy government. 

Since 2011, Greece applies the Architecture of Local Authorities and Decentralised Administration – "Kallikratis" Programme . "Kallikratis" re-formed the administrative division of Greece and re-defined the boundaries of self- government units, the method of election of competent bodies and their powers.

Further reforms in the institutional framework of Local administration were put in place with l.4555/2018, as amended, aiming to strengthen democracy, reinforce participation and improve the funding mechanisms and the development of the local government, by virtue of the programme "Kleisthenis". 

Economic situation

The Greek economy in 2025 has positive trends, with expected GDP growth of 2.5%. The recovery of investment and the increase in private consumption, supported by rising wages and improving employment, are contributing to economic growth. At the same time, Greece has regained its investment grade rating from three recognised rating agencies, which boosts confidence in the country's future prospects.

Challenges remain, with the need for continued reduction of public debt and the promotion of policies that will boost employment, especially among young people. Managing public debt and combating tax evasion are enduring challenges for the country. 

Source: National Bank of Greece, Hellenic Bank of Greece  

Investment and expenditure

Education and training services in Greece have been profoundly affected by lower public expenditure due to fiscal consolidation measures.  Expenditure in education as a share of GDP is one of the lowest in the EU. 

Total spending on education in Greece in 2024 amounted to €8.5 billion, an increase of 3% compared to the previous year:

This expenditure is broken down as follows:

- Public education: €6.2 billion, with central and local government as the main sources of funding

- Private education: €2.3 billion, with tuition fees and private investment as the main sources of funding

The increase in expenditure is mainly due to the strengthening of infrastructure and the upgrading of educational programmes, as well as an increase in teachers' salaries.

In addition, the significant contribution of European programmes to the financing of education is noted.

Source: ELSTAT, Public and Private Education Finance Survey (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Education), 2024.

Source: ELSTAT, Greece in Figures, April – July 2024 

Education and training services in Greece have been profoundly affected by lower public expenditure due to fiscal consolidation measures. Expenditure in education as a share of GDP is one of the lowest in the EU. The ratio of general government expenditure to GDP remained fixed during this period of time, but considering the 25% cumulative GDP decrease, expenditure in education presented a decrease at the same ratio.However, according to the Minister of Education and his speech in Parliament regarding the latest 2024 budget for education needs, "The budget for education is 255 million more than last year, while compared to the 2019, the increase is more than 15%".

Educational attainment level

The following figures present adult population attainment levels for years 2000, 2005 and 2015, 2020 and 2024.

Source: Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT), Population and Labour Market Statistics Division, 2024