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Eurydice

EACEA National Policies Platform:Eurydice
Political, social and economic background and trends

Georgia

1. Political, social and economic background and trends

Last update: 10 October 2024

The modern Georgian state, since regaining independence in 1991 from the Soviet Union, has undergone profound transformations to establish itself as a democratic republic. The 1995 constitution emphasizes decentralization, granting local governments significant authority over areas such as education and culture. This reflects Georgia’s efforts to foster national unity while preserving local identities and regional diversity. In 1999, Georgia acceded to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, demonstrating its commitment to protecting minority languages and cultural diversity. The government has implemented policies aimed at fostering inclusivity and ensuring that the cultural heritage of its diverse regions is respected and preserved.

Euro-Atlantic Integration and Reforms

Since the early 2000s, Georgia has pursued closer ties with Western institutions, shaping its modern political and social trajectory. The country’s aspirations to join NATO and the European Union (EU) have driven a comprehensive political, economic, and social reform program. In 1994, Georgia joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program, which later became part of the EU’s Eastern Partnership initiative. In 2014, Georgia signed the EU-Georgia Association Agreement, which included a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA), further aligning Georgia with European markets and regulatory standards. Recent reforms emphasize democratization, education modernization, and digital transformation, reflecting Georgia’s aspiration to become a knowledge-based economy.

These reforms have focused on strengthening the rule of law, improving governance, and enhancing economic growth. Despite the challenges posed by ongoing territorial disputes in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, Georgia has remained committed to its Euro-Atlantic integration.

Recent Reforms and Future Aspirations

The EU-Georgia Association Agreement of 2014 was a significant milestone in Georgia’s quest for closer integration with Europe. The country’s ongoing reforms emphasize the rule of law, judicial independence, and transparency in governance, aligning Georgian policies with European standards.