The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia guarantees equal rights and equal opportunities in education for all, irrespective of gender, nationality, social or cultural background, religion, political or other beliefs, educational attainment, social status, disability, or any other personal circumstance. Equality and non-discrimination are further articulated as foundational principles of the public education system in the White Paper on Education (1995). The White Paper on Education (2011) further emphasises fairness and, within this principle, the provision of equal educational opportunities. In addition to its constitutional and strategic documents, Slovenia has adopted a wide range of regulations addressing education, healthcare, environmental barriers, social and financial assistance, employment, and social inclusion. Relevant measures to ensure equal opportunities have also been incorporated into various national and sectoral development programmes. The Protection against Discrimination Act provides additional safeguards for ensuring equal opportunities. In education, the principle of equal opportunities is regulated in detail in legislation governing the education of children with special educational needs (SEN).

The Development Planning Framework for 2033 serves as a platform for formulating strategic orientations and measures in education. The document emphasises the need to provide a safe and supportive learning environment for the optimal development of everyone, one of the six priority areas identified.

In the curricular document Common Objectives and Their Integration into Curricula and Catalogues of Knowledge, five areas of common objectives are defined as a shared responsibility of the entire education system: language, citizenship, culture and the arts; sustainable development; health and wellbeing; digital competence; and entrepreneurship. In the area of health and well-being, the document emphasises schools' fundamental role in supporting students' holistic development, which extends beyond learning support to include the systematic development of students’ capacity to care for their mental, physical, and social well-being.

Under the Organisation and Financing Act, all public kindergartens and schools are required to establish a counselling service. These services provide counselling to children, pupils, apprentices, upper-secondary students, higher vocational college students, and teachers, and cooperate with professional staff and school leadership in the planning, monitoring, and evaluation of institutional development and the implementation of educational activities. They also play an important role in career guidance. Counselling services are specifically involved in the planning and implementation of individualised educational programmes for pupils and students with special educational needs. In addition, state budget funding supports student competitions, a specific form of support for talented students, as well as other activities for gifted learners aligned with the current national framework. The scope and implementation of these activities are further defined in sector-specific legislation.

The education of children with special educational needs is integrated into all relevant sector-specific legislation. This framework is complemented by several specialised acts, including the Act Regulating the Integrated Early Treatment of Preschool Children with Special Needs, the Placement of Children with Special Needs Act, and the Act on the Intervention for Children and Youth with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties and Disorders in Education. Together, these laws represent a significant step towards ensuring the conditions necessary for the realisation of an inclusive education paradigm, as they establish the basis for the provision of continuous support for children with special educational needs.

Act Regulating the Integrated Early Treatment of Preschool Children with Special Needs, the Special educational rights for members of the Italian and Hungarian national communities are regulated by the Act on Special Rights of Members of the Italian and Hungarian National Communities in Education, while the rights of the Roma community are set out in the Roma Community in the Republic of Slovenia Act. In education, general legislation also regulates the rights of children, pupils, and students from vulnerable groups. The regulations specifically highlight gifted and talented pupils and students, migrant pupils and students or those whose home tongue is not Slovenian, as well as pupils with learning difficulties. 

At the tertiary level, the Higher Education Act defines higher education activities as including, in addition to the delivery of study programmes, a broad range of student support services provided by higher education institutions. The student support environment is designed to be proactive, open, safe, inclusive, and professional, with the aim of guiding, empowering, and informing students to ensure the successful and timely completion of their studies and their transition to the labour market. These services include library services; information, administrative, technical, professional, and management support; the operation of student residence halls; the organisation of regular sports and physical activity programmes for students; the promotion of a healthy and sustainable lifestyle among students and staff; and other forms of institutional support.