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Eurydice

EACEA National Policies Platform:Eurydice
Fundamental principles and national policies
Romania

Romania

2.Organisation and governance

2.1Fundamental principles and national policies

Last update: 7 April 2025
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Romanian Constitution

Basic principles regarding the education in Romania are established by the Constitution, Chapter II – Fundamental rights and liberties, Article 32 – Right to education.

According to this article:

  • the right to learning is granted through compulsory general education, high-school education and vocational education and training, higher education, as well as through other forms of instruction and advanced training.
  • generally, education at all levels is delivered in Romanian but it also can be delivered in a world language.
  • the right of people belonging to national minorities to learn their mother tongue and their right to receive instruction in their mother tongue are guaranteed; the modes for exercising these rights are established by law.
  • public education is free of charge under the law.
  • the State offers need-based grants for studies to children and young people from disadvantaged families and to those in foster care, under the law.
  • education of all degrees takes place in public, private and confessional establishments under the law.
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School Education Law 198/2023

School Education Law 198/2023 governs the organisation and functioning of the school education system, provides a framework for the exercise, under the authority of the Romanian State, of the fundamental right to learning for the primary beneficiaries, regulates the status of teaching, auxiliary and management staff in the whole system of public, private and confessional education, the status of guidance and control staff and of other categories of educational staff provided by law. This law also ensures a framework in which forms of lifelong learning take place in school education.

The educational ideal of the Romanian school education system, stipulated in School Education Law 198/2023, consists in:

  • a free, thorough and harmonious development of human individuality,
  • the formation an autonomous personality,
  • the embrace of a system of values that are necessary for personal fulfilment and development, the development of an entrepreneurship mindset, active citizen participation in society, and social inclusion and employment.
     

Higher Education Law 199/2023

Higher Education Law 199/2023 provides the legal framework for the education, research and continuous training process to take place in higher education institutions, under the authority of the Romanian State, and regulates the structure, organisation and functioning of Romanian higher education, the status of higher education staff, as well as the legal framework for quality assurance.

The educational ideal of higher education, stipulated in Higher Education Law 199/2023, consists in:

  • a free, thorough and harmonious development of human individuality,
  • the formation an autonomous personality,
  • the embrace of a system of values that are necessary for personal fulfilment and development, the development of an entrepreneurship spirit, active citizen participation in society, and social inclusion and employment.