Planning policy
There is no top level planning policy for academic staff supply and demand.
Entry to the profession
All higher education institutions are responsible for recruiting their own staff.
According to the ministerial order on job vacancies in the state, the following information must be included in all job vacancies:
- Job title;
- Place of employment;
- Working time;
- Collective agreement basis;
- Salary;
- Recipient of applications;
- Application deadline.
Universities have to follow additional regulations according to the ministerial order on employment of academic staff at universities including:
- Job vacancies on senior lecturer and professor level must be advertised nationally and internationally;
- Assessment committees must assess the candidates’ qualifications;
- Job vacancies are to be readvertised if there is not enough qualified applicants;
- The university rector can offer vacancies on senior lecturer and professor level without advertising the vacancy if there is a particularly qualified candidate.
Professional status
Academic staff is employed on collective agreement terms. Employment contracts can be either fixed-term or indefinite depending on the job title.
Previously, it was quite common that academic staff was employed as civil servants. However, the civil servant status is being phased out, which means today only a very limited number of academic staff maintain civil servant status.
Salaries
Academic staff is employed according to the collective agreement between the Ministry of Finance and the Danish Confederation of Professional Associations (Akademikerne).
The payment system consists of a basic salary and an allowance. Employees are placed in the basic salary system according to their education and length of service.
The basic salary system has seven steps. Level one is the minimum amount and level eight is maximum amount.
The salary is yearly (2018)*:
| Level | DKK | EUR |
| 1 | 261,000 | 35,014 |
| 8 | 347,571 | 46,628 |
*) Exchange rate: EUR 1 = DKK 7.4542
In addition to the basic salary, it is possible to agree on a number of allowances, which are linked to qualifications, length of service and possible results. Allowances are negotiated on a central and decentral level.
Universities
For academic staff employed at universities the allowance is centrally regulated.
The allowance is yearly (2015)*:
| Job title | DKK | EUR |
| Research assistant | 37,200 | 4,990 |
| Assistant professor/ lecturer/ postdoc/ researcher | 49,300 | 6,614 |
| Senior lecturer/ associate professor/ senior research associate | 89,100 | 11,953 |
| Professor | 51,400 | 6,895 |
| Professor with special responsibilities** | 171,700 | 23,034 |
| Clinical professor | 172,700 | 23,168 |
| Senior advisor | 87,900 | 11,792 |
| Teaching assistant professor/ teaching associate professor (start of employment, after three years of employment and teaching associate professor) | 34,100 43,900 71,800 |
4,575 5,889 9,632 |
*) Exchange rate: EUR 1 = DKK 7.4542.
**) From 1 January 2020, the professor with special responsibilities is being phased out.
University colleges and business academies
For academic staff employed at university colleges and business academies, the allowance is centrally regulated.
The allowance is yearly (2015)*:
| Position | DKK | EUR |
| Assistant lecturer | 42,000 | 5,634 |
| Associate lecturer | 83,000 | 11,135 |
| Senior associate lecturer | 40,000 | 5,366 |
*) Exchange rate: EUR 1 = DKK 7.4542.
Working time and holidays
The main tasks for university professors along with assistant and associate professors are research and research based teaching. Staff employed as postdocs, researchers or senior researchers have tasks primarily related to research.
The collective agreement states that the working hours are 37 hours per week.
All academic staff have the right to 25 days of holidays per year.
Promotion, advancement
There is no automatic promotions or advancements. Academic staff are chosen based on their qualifications.
According to the collective agreement, advancing to senior lecturer at universities requires a positive senior lecturer assessment. The assessment is made by a special assessment committee appointed by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science for a four-year period.
According to the ministerial order on associate lecturer assessment, advancing to associate lecturer at business academies, university colleges, the Danish School of Media and Journalism and some maritime educational institutions also require a positive associate lecturer assessment.
Retirement and pensions
The retirement age is between 66 and 68 years, depending on the date of birth and at present, it is 66 years. From this age, people may receive a pension.
Academic staff employed on the collective agreement, pay 5.7% and the employer pays 11.4% of the gross salary to a pension fund. For academic staff who are civil servants or employed on civil servant-like conditions special conditions apply.
References
Bibliography
Danish Association of Lawyers and Economists (DJØF), 2020: University colleges and business academies (Professionshøjskoler og erhvervsakademier). [Accessed 10 July 2020]
Danish Association of Masters and PhDs (DM), 2020: Universities and higher education (Universiteter og højere læreanstalter). [Accessed 10 July 2020]
European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, 2017: Modernisation of Higher Education in Europe: Academic Staff – 2017. Eurydice Report. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Ministry of Employment, 2019: State pensions today and in the future (Folkepension nu og fremover). [Accessed 10 July 2020]
Ministry of Finance, 2019: Circular on the collective agreement for state-employed academics (Cirkulære om overenskomst for akademikere i staten). [Accessed 09 July 2020]
Ministry of Higher Education and Science, 2020a: Senior lecturer and fellow assessment (Lektor- og docentbedømmelse). [Accessed 10 July 2020]
Ministry of Higher Education and Science, 2020b: Job vacancies (Stillingsopslag). [Accessed 10 July 2020]
Legislation and official policy documents
Legal Information (Retsinformation), 2010: Ministerial order on job vacancies in the state (Bekendtgørelse om opslag af tjenestemandsstillinger i staten), BEK no. 302 of 26/03/2010. [Accessed 14 July 2020]
Legal Information (Retsinformation), 2012: Ministerial order on employment of academic staff at universities (Bekendtgørelse om ansættelse af videnskabeligt personale ved universiteter), BEK no. 242 of 13/03/2012. [Accessed 13 July 2020]
Legal Information (Retsinformation), 2021: Circular on protocol on certain conditions of employment for academic staff at universities (Cirkulære om protokollat om visse ansættelsesvilkår for videnskabeligt personale ved universiteter), CIR1H no. 9886 of 04/11/2021. [Accessed 24 June 2022]
Legal Information (Retsinformation), 2020: Ministerial order on associate lecturer qualification, senior lecturer assessment and docent assessment of teachers at business academies, university colleges, the Danish School of Media and Journalism and some maritime educational institutions. (Bekendtgørelse om lektorkvalificering, lektorbedømmelse og docentbedømmelse af undervisere ved erhvervsakademier, professionshøjskoler, Danmarks Medie- og Journalisthøjskole og visse maritime uddannelsesinstitutioner), BEK no. 673 of 13/05/2020. [Accessed 10 July 2020]