Eurydice

Teachers’ remuneration and career prospects are an intrinsic part of policies aiming to attract the best candidates and ensure they remain in the profession. Are teachers in Europe well paid? What prospects for salary increases do they have as they progress in their career? Have teachers gained or lost purchasing power in recent years?

This report illustrates schematic information on the structure of education systems in European countries, from pre-primary to tertiary level in the school year 2023/2024. It includes national diagrams, a guide to reading the diagrams and a map showing the main organisational models of primary and lower secondary education. The information is available for 39 European educational systems covering 37 countries participating in the Erasmus+ programme.

This fact sheet focuses on the duration of compulsory education/training in Europe. It highlights the starting and leaving ages and distinguishes the notions of full-time and part-time compulsory education/training. The information is available for 39 European education systems covering 37 countries participating in the EU’s Erasmus+ programme.

This report provides information on the start of the school year and its length, as well as the timing and length of school holidays. It covers both primary and general secondary education.

The information is available for the 37 countries participating in the EU's Erasmus+ programme (27 Member States, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Norway, Serbia and Türkiye).

The academic calendar shows national data on how the academic year is structured (beginning of the academic year, term times, holidays and examination periods). Differences between university and non-university study programmes are also highlighted. The information is available for 37 countries.

Effective learning depends on many factors, but undoubtedly, the instruction time available to students plays a key role in their learning process. Along with the quality of instruction and the time available for learning after school, the increase in the amount of instruction time allocated to a discipline can help to raise students’ interest in that subject and can have positive effect on students’ performance, even more when the increase is accompanied by other support measures and directed at disadvantaged students.

Experiencing transnational mobility during education and training is a major boost in the life of many young people. Despite the added value that learner mobility brings and the increasing opportunities available, the path towards the free movement of students, researchers and trainees is still hampered by a number of obstacles. The purpose of the Mobility Scoreboard is to monitor progress made by European countries in promoting, and removing obstacles to, learning mobility. 

Linguistic diversity is part of Europe’s DNA. The mosaic of European languages includes not only countries’ official state languages but also the regional or minority languages spoken for centuries on European territory, not to mention the languages brought by migrants. Supporting language diversity and promoting language learning has been a constant policy line of the European Union.

In 2022, Eurydice published a number of reports on various educational topics. An overview of our 2022 publications is now available. With just one click, you can easily get access to all our reports!

This year’s edition analyses more than 20 key structural indicators on education policies in early childhood education and care, achievement in basic skills, early leaving from education and training and higher education. It provides a short overview of major reforms since the 2014/15 school/academic year in these policy areas.