This chapter provides a thematic and chronological overview of national reforms and policy developments since 2021.
The introduction of the chapter describes the overall education strategy and the key objectives across the whole education system. It also looks at how the education reform process is organised and who are the main actors in the decision-making process.
BiH consists of two entities (Republika Srpska and Federation of BiH) and Brcko district of BiH.
The education sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina reflects the state constitution. It is defined by the BiH Constitution, the constitutions of the entities, cantons, and the Statute of Brčko District of BiH, which govern legal competencies in education.
In Belgium, the three communities are responsible for education, with the following exceptions:
Since September 2024, a working group has been meeting, involving subsidized adult education institutions, with the goal of advancing the reduction of bureaucracy in non-formal adult education.
In Belgium the Communities are responsible for education, with the exception of three competences which remained a federal matter :
In Belgium the Communities are responsible for education, with the exception of three competences which remained a federal matter:
Flanders continues to develop ambitious and knowledge-rich attainment targets in primary education, with a focus on Dutch and mathematics, as well as STEM, personal development, and social skills (also see 14.2, school education).
Elementary education includes nursery education (2.5 - 6 years) and primary education (6 - 12 years). Parents can choose whether the transition from nursery to primary education takes place at the age of five, six or seven, subject to non-binding advice from the school and the CPG.
