Eurydice

Planning policy

National educational planning regarding recruitment of the teachers applies only to Pre-academic education.

Entry to the profession

The employment on a teaching or research position can be for a fixed period or for an indefinite period. The employment for an indefinite period on any teaching or research position is possible only through a public competition, organized by the higher education institution, after obtaining the title of doctor (law 1/2011, art. 294).

The minimum requirements regarding initial training of the teachers depend on the teaching position that prospective teachers are intending to occupy.

In higher education, teaching positions are as follows (Law 1/2011, article 285):

• Assistant lecturer (asistent universitar)
• Lecturer (lector universitar/sef de lucrãri)
• Associate professor (conferenţiar universitar)
• Professor (profesor universitar)

In higher education, the research positions are:

For teaching, management, guidance and control staff, the continuing training is a right and an obligation (Law1/2011, art. 245). Continuing professional development of teachers, management, guidance and control staff and professional retraining are based on professional standards for the teaching profession, quality standards and professional competences.

National Education Law (Law No.1/2011, with subsequent amendments) establishes, among other things, the working conditions, the mandatory professional training for teaching positions, the types of development training programs for teachers. The law also explicitly states the terms of education (see the section Teachers and other educational staff categories) and that employment of teachers must be done based on competition (national competitive examination for teachers in preuniversity education). 

 The teaching profession in Romania is a profession regulated by law. Consequently, for a given educational level, teachers work under similar conditions across the whole country and variations from one job to another are rather minor.

According to the National Education Law no.1/2011 (art.236 ,alin. 1), with subsequent amendments, the initial training for teaching positions in preuniversity education includes:

The Law of National Education 1/2011 provides the general and integrating regulatory framework for lifelong learning in Romania.

Lifelong Learning means all learning activities carried out by every person throughout life in formal, non-formal and informal contexts for the purpose of acquiring or developing competences from a multiple perspective: personal, civic, social or occupational.

Lifelong learning includes:

A Doctoral Diploma is the highest academic degree awarded in all domains after 3-4 (by exception even 5) years of study and original research. It follows the first academic degree (or master's degree) and requires the passing of examinations and the submission of an original thesis.

The holder of a doctoral diploma is granted the Ph.D. title in the respective field of science or arts.

Types of post-university studies

The post-university programs offered by the Romanian educational system are: 

Master's degree programs are completed through level 7 of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF/CEC) and of NQF. 

They usually last 1-2 years and correspond to a minimum number of transferable study credits, between 60 and 120.

Bachelor's degree of graduates of 5- or 6-year study programs within long-term higher education from the period before the application of Law no. 288/2004 on the organization of university studies, with subsequent amendments and additions, is equivalent to the master's degree.