Country-specific notes

Belgium (BE nl): actual salaries refer to full-time teachers of general subjects in January 2022, adjusted for the average inflation during the 2021/2022 school year.

Bulgaria, Spain, Croatia, Luxembourg, Albania, Switzerland, North Macedonia and Türkiye: data not available.

Czechia: actual salaries refer to 2020/2021. Data for ISCED 34 include lower grades of gymnazia (ISCED 24) and salaries of generalist teachers in vocational education.

Denmark: for all levels, two thirds of the employee-paid pension is deducted from the average yearly salary. For ISCED 34, the average salary represents an average including Sorø Academy and private institutions.

Germany: salaries represent a weighted average of the data available at Länder level. The family allowance for which no data are available is not taken into account.

Ireland: the reported actual salaries are based on the average of the second payroll in February 2022 (full-time equivalents). ISCED 02 provision is organised by the private sector.

Greece: data for ISCED 02 and 1 are aggregated data for these levels and also include special needs education. Data for ISCED 24 and 34 aggregated data for these levels and also include special needs education, vocational education and adult education programmes for attainment of ISCED 24 level.

France: At ISCED 02-1 levels, teachers with a partial release from their teaching obligations accounting for 50 % or more of the full teaching time are excluded and considered as school heads. Data for ISCED 24 and 34 include a wider teaching population than data for statutory salaries (e.g. sports teachers, professeurs d’enseignement général des collèges (PEGC), and VET teachers teaching in general programmes). Data refers to 2020 and covers the whole France (excluding Mayotte).

Latvia: only salaries of teachers working 90 % or more are considered. Incidental/occasional additional payments are not included.

Lithuania: data for teachers at ISCED 02, ISCED 1 and ISCED 24 are aggregated data for these levels and include non-qualified teachers.

Hungary: data for teachers at ISCED 02, ISCED 1 and ISCED 24 are aggregated data for these levels. They include teachers in the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE) 85.1 and the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2342 for ISCED 02; teachers in NACE 85.2, NACE 85.3 and ISCO 2341 for ISCED 1 and ISCED 24. Data for ISCED 34 include teachers in NACE 85.31 and ISCO 2330.

Malta: data on actual salaries relate to the period from 10 September 2021 to 9 September 2022, resulting in a slight overestimation of salaries. Actual salaries include payments for extra curriculum duties.

Austria: pre-primary education is largely provided in kindergartens, for which there are no data available. In schools, primary teachers are in charge of the pre-school stage. At ISCED 34, vocational programmes are included.

Poland: data collected in the School Education Information System (SIO) from January 2022 to August 2022 are extrapolated to the entire year. Payments for ad hoc substitutions are excluded.

Portugal: the average annual gross salary is calculated on the basis of salaries paid in May 2022. Allocation of teachers in lower or upper secondary education is made according to their respective teaching load. ISCED 24 and 34 teachers may have part of their weekly teaching time allocated to vocational programmes, without significant impact on the salary composition.

Slovenia: actual salaries refer to 2020/2021 school year (provisional data). The calculations are based on the payments to teachers (all ages) who worked full time for the same employer the entire year. Some additional payments and allowances (annual holiday bonus, reimbursement for meals during work, reimbursement of travel expenses, long-service award (jubilejna nagrada)) have not been included. Data for ISCED 02 include pre-school teachers at ISCED 1. Data for ISCED 34 include general-subject teachers in vocational education, and educators at residence halls for ISCED 34 students.

Slovakia: actual salaries include school heads’ salaries.

Finland: actual salaries refer to October 2021. The data on pre-primary teachers concern the salary data of kindergarten teachers who are the majority of teachers at ISCED 02 (excluding child carers).

Sweden: actual salaries refer to 2021. Data for ISCED 34 also include generalist teachers in vocational education.

Liechtenstein: PPP rate not available.

Bosnia and Herzegovina: the reported actual salaries represent the average of teachers’ actual salaries of all cantons and entities, calculated from surveys or estimated from statutory salaries.

Iceland: data include teachers in special needs schools and not fully qualified teachers. Data for ISCED 02 exclude employees whose responsibilities involve caring for and teaching children, and those classified as teachers’ aids (about 50 %), but include teachers at ISCED 1. Data for ISCED 1 include teachers at ISCED 24 (single structure). Data for ISCED 34 include teachers in vocational education.

Norway: data collected once a year on 1 December – salaries earned in November and paid in December – by the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities from municipalities, except those with a very loose (volatile) employment.

Serbia: data on actual salaries are estimates of the average monthly salary of teachers including allowances and additional payments. Data for ISCED 02 are not available at the central level. Data for ISCED 1 include data for ISCED 24 (single structure). All data include school heads’ salaries.

Comparative information

Teachers' salaries

Teachers' actual salaries

School heads' salaries