Country-specific notes - Teachers' salaries
Teachers' statutory salaries |
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Country-specific notes 2023/2024 school year |
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| Belgium-French Community | 2023/2024 | Data refers to the most representative salary scale by ISCED level. Higher salary range is sanctioned for newly qualified teachers with maximum qualification (ISCED 7). Most of the teachers at upper secondary (ISCED 34) education level have higher qualification than the minimum required and are paid higher salary. |
| Belgium-German speaking Community | 2023/2024 | Teachers are paid according to one salary range associated with the minimum required qualification for newly qualified teachers in the reference year. |
| Belgium-Flemish Community | 2023/2024 | For the calculation of the 'proportion of teachers paid according to this salary range' both full-time and part-time teachers are included. The annual gross statutory salaries are calculated based on the salary rate applicable as of January 2024 but adjusted for the average inflation during school year 2023/2024. Higher salary range is sanctioned for newly qualified teachers with maximum qualification (ISCED 7). Most of the teachers at upper secondary (ISCED 34) education level have higher qualification than the minimum required and are paid higher salary. Government-dependent private schools are included. |
| Bulgaria | 2023/2024 | Regulations only set the minimum statutory salary for the three levels of a teacher’s career: ‘teacher’, ‘senior teacher’ and ‘chief teacher’. Data provided for the annual statutory salary after 10 years corresponds to the minimum salary of a ‘senior teacher’, and the salary after 15 years refers to the minimum salary of a ‘chief teacher’ respectively. Higher salary range is sanctioned for newly qualified teachers with maximum qualification (ISCED 8). |
| Czechia | 2023/2024 | The annual gross statutory salary is calculated combining two different salary tables from the Government Regulation on Pay Terms of Employees in Public Services and Administration: one valid from September 2023 to December 2023 (4 months in school year 2023/2024) and the second from January 2024 to August 2024 (8 months in school year 2023/2024). Salary tables consist of 6 pay categories depending on complexity, responsibility and the workload, and 7 pay grades according to the length of professional experience. The reported statutory salaries are estimates combining the salary tables with data on number of teachers in each pay category and pay grade according to the database ISS 2022 and ISS 2023 (reference year 2023/24). There is one salary range associated with the minimum required qualification. There are two types of allowances: a) sanctioned by law and b) decided by the school head. |
| Denmark | 2023/2024 | The reported salaries for teachers at primary level is a weighted average between teachers at grade 1 (børnehaveklasse/class 0) and teachers at grade 2-7 (class 1-6). Teachers at grade 2-7 are the same as at lower secondary level and their salary is from the same salary scale. The salary for teachers at grade 1 (børnehaveklasseledere) is a little lower and regulated by another salary scale. Part of the total salary is decided at local level. In addition to the reported statutory salaries, which is given in accordance with the general salary scale as a part of collective agreements, each teacher typically has individual bonuses (not included in the statutory salaries) given and decided at school level, by local authorities or by collective agreements at local level. These personal bonuses are not included in the reported statutory salaries. There is one salary range associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Germany | 2023/2024 | The statutory salaries represent a weighted average of the data available at Länder level for civil servants in 2023/2024. Kindergarten teachers (ISCED 02) are generally paid in remuneration group S6 of the Collective Agreement for the Public Sector (‘Tarifvertrag für den öffentlichen Dienst’ – TVöD). Those with professional experience are usually allocated to level 2. Higher levels are achieved after several years with the same employer. There is one salary range associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Estonia | 2023/2024 | One statutory salary range applicable to all teachers. The notion of starting statutory salary does not exist in Estonia. Data on the annual gross statutory salary for teachers at ISCED 1, 24 and 34 refers to the minimum salary set by the top-level authority following discussions with national associations of local authorities and teachers. Teachers with higher qualification could be paid higher salaries by decision of the school head and subject to availability of funds. |
| Ireland | 2023/2024 | ISCED 02 provision is organized by the private sector and salaries for educators in early learning and settings are set by the owners/board of managements of community, voluntary and private entities. The only requirement on the settings is that the practitioners are paid at least the national minimum wage for an experienced adult employee in accordance with the National Minimum Wage Act. Since 1 January 2024, the national minimum wage is EUR 12.70 per hour. In Ireland, the term "Teacher" is restricted to those who are registered with the teaching council. The salary range for teachers with the minimum qualification is based on the salary scales in place from 1 January 2011. Teachers with higher qualification (ISCED 6 + Higher Diploma in Education or ISCED 7) are paid according to the salary range associated with the minimum required qualification. Additional allowances for qualification may apply. |
| Greece | 2023/2024 | All pre-primary teachers (100%) working in Kindergartens supervised by the Ministry of Education (ages 4-5) are paid according to the same salary range (associated with the minimum qualification), but they are in different positions of the pay range depending on their years of experience and additional qualifications which are remunerated as additional years of experience. All teachers in ISCED 1 (100%) are paid according to the same salary range, but they are in different positions of the pay range depending on their years of experience and additional qualifications which are remunerated as additional years of experience. - Most teachers in ISCED 24, are paid according to the same salary range, but they are in different positions of the pay range depending on their years of experience and additional qualifications which are remunerated as additional years of experience. - Almost all teachers (99.98%) are paid according to the same salary range, but they are in different positions of the pay range depending on their years of experience and additional qualifications which are remunerated as additional years of experience. |
| Spain | 2023/2024 | The national salaries provided are calculated as means of the salaries of each Autonomous Community/City weighted by the number of teachers in public schools in each Autonomous Community/City. There is one salary range associated with the minimum required qualification applicable to all teachers. |
| France | 2023/2024 | The teachers’ statutory salaries are gross annual incomes (rémunération annuelle brute statutaire) related to statutory salary scales. The following bonuses received by all teachers are an integral part of teachers’ statutory salaries: a) Residence allowance; b) Computer equipment allowance (EUR 176 per year); c) Attractivity allowance : for the "class normale" category. The bonus for starting teachers is EUR 2 880 (step 2 of the salary scale), EUR 3 370 (step 3), and EUR 400 (steps 8 and 9 for teachers with 15 years and more of experience). At ISCED 02 and 1, the following bonus received by all teachers is an integral part of teachers’ statutory salaries: a) ISAE (bonus for follow-up and tutoring): EUR 2 550 per year. At ISCED 24 and 34, the following bonuses received by all teachers at these education levels are an integral part of teachers’ statutory salaries: a) Fixed part of ISOE (bonus for follow-up and tutoring) : EUR 2 550 in 2023/2024. The variable part of this bonus - for teachers taking the role of referent teacher ('professeur principal') - is not included in the statutory salary. Bonus for 2 extra hours per year: This compensates the obligation to accept at least two regular hours exceeding the minimal annual working time. Other types of extra hours are not included in the statutory salaries. Teachers with higher qualification (ISCED 7+ competitive examination "concours d'agrégation") are paid according to a different salary range. Some teachers at lower and upper secondary levels are paid according to this salary range. |
| Croatia | 2023/2024 | The annual statutory salaries are calculated by applying the base rate amount 1 (EUR 834,33) for 1 month (September 2023 – August 2024). As of October 2023, in application of a salary reform, the base salary rate increased to EUR 947.18. The complexity coefficient was increased and incorporates the allowances previously received by teachers which were discontinued. Higher qualification (ISCED 7) is associated with salary range with higher salaries. Most of the teachers ate primary and lower secondary are paid according to this salary range. |
| Italy | 2023/2024 | Teachers at pre-primary and primary levels have to be qualified with a specific master on education (ITE), pass a competition and undergo 1-year probation period. Teachers at secondary levels, in addition to the master's degree, must complete a university qualifying programme (60 ECTS of which 20 ECTS in training) for acquiring specific cultural, pedagogical, linguistic, and technological competences. The qualified teachers need to pass a competitive examination to be hired with permanent contracts and undergo a 1-year probation period. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification . |
| Cyprus | 2023/2024 | Teachers at pre-primary and primary levels undergo state examination. In addition to this teachers at lower and upper secondary levels must follow a 9-month pre-service training. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Latvia | 2023/2024 | Government Regulation sets the minimum monthly salary rate for 36 hours work week for ISCED 1, 24 and 34 teachers and 40 hours work week for ISCED 02 teachers. School heads decide on the teachers' salaries depending on their workload and performance and on the school budget. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum qualification required. |
| Lithuania | 2023/2024 | All indicated statutory salaries correspond to the 'teacher' career category, with the lower minimum salary. Teachers' salary depends on years in service and qualification level. Four career categories exist in Lithuania: 'teacher', 'senior teacher' (at least 4 years of experience), 'methodology teacher' (at least 5 years of experience) and 'expert teacher' (at least 6 years of experience). Different coefficients apply to the salary scale, according to the career category. Teachers may be recruited without the one-year pedagogical qualification provided they acquire it within 2 years. However, they are subject to a different pay scale. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum qualification requirement for newly qualified teachers. |
| Luxembourg | 2023/2024 | Specific degree, competitive examination and probation period is required for newly qualified teachers. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification for newly qualified teachers. |
| Hungary | 2023/2024 | The starting salary refers to ‘fully-qualified trainee teachers'. The other salaries refer to the promotion level of ‘Teacher 2’ (10 years of experience) and ‘Master Teacher’ (15 years of experience). Break in time series: The salaries for 2024 (8 months) are calculated in line with a new methodology (calculation is based on promotion levels) due to change in the applicable legislation. Higher qualification is associated with higher salary range. Most of the teachers at lower secondary level are paid according to this salary range. |
| Malta | 2023/2024 | All teachers are granted an additional payment of EUR 512.52 per year. In addition, they all receive a 'class allowance' and the 'work resources fund', which depend on the education level they work for and on their salary scale. Pre-primary teachers follow 1-year induction programme while teachers at all other levels follow 2-years induction programme. Higher qualification is associated with higher salary range. Most of the teachers at pre-primary level with ISCED 5 qualification are paid according to this salary range. Maximum qualification (ISCED 6) at pre-primary level is associated with a different salary range and salaries higher than those stipulated for the minimum and the higher qualifications. |
| The Netherlands | 2023/2024 | The statutory salary reported is the total annual statutory salary (allowances included), weighted by the ratio in salary scales on 1 October 2023 for all the categories if applicable. Weighted salaries are reported for salary at the start of the career, after 10 years and after 15 years based on the salary scales LB, LC and LD, and unweighted maximum salary is reported from the salary scale LD. The salaries of the three salary scales are the same country-wide. In the Randstad area (urban region in the western part of the Netherlands) more teachers are in the higher salary scale (Randstadregeling). ISCED 02 is a 3-year cycle with the first year organized in day care institutions and the last two years in primary schools. Only ISCED 02 teachers working in primary schools (group 1 and 2, that is children aged 4 and 5 at the start of the school year) are considered. Daycare is excluded. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification for newly qualified teachers. Different degree qualification requirements are associated with different salary scales which do not correspond to the bachelor/master qualification classification. |
| Austria | 2023/2024 | Data are calculated as weighted means of the 2023 and 2024 salaries (4 months with the 2023 rate and 8 with the 2024 rate). ISCED 02 is largely organized in kindergartens, which are regulated at the level of the provinces. For a minority of children, it is provided at school. The same regulations apply for teachers in charge of an ISCED 02 programme at school as for ISCED 1 teachers. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification for newly qualified teachers. Some teachers have higher qualification (ISCED 7) without impact on their salary. |
| Poland | 2023/2024 | Since 1 September 2022 three different career levels exist for teachers ('novice teacher', 'appointed teacher' and 'chartered teacher'). For starting teachers, calculation is based on the salary of those classified as ‘novice teachers’. For teachers with 10 years of experience, calculation is based on the salary of teachers classified as 'appointed teachers'. For teachers with 15 years of experience and at the top of the scale, the calculation is based on the salary of the teachers classified as 'chartered teachers'. The local authorities may increase funds for teachers' remuneration, including the minimum statutory salaries determined in regulations. They may also authorize school heads, in individual cases and within the constraints of the school financial plan, to grant a higher minimum basic remuneration rate. There are no differences in the remuneration systems between teachers teaching in general and vocational programmes. Any possible differences in scheduled gross annual salaries of teachers in vocational and general programmes may be due to different minimum qualifications required from these teachers. Teachers with higher qualification are paid according to a different salary range with higher salaries. Most of the teachers at pre-primary, primary and lower secondary levels are paid according to this salary range as they have ISCED 7 qualification. |
| Portugal | 2023/2024 | All teachers are paid on the same salary range, which consists of ten levels of four years each, except the 5th level which lasts two years. The criteria ruling salary progression include participation in professional development activities and quotas. Lower and upper secondary teachers belong to the same formal group (professores do 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e do ensino secundário). Each teacher is classified in the ISCED level in which his/her teaching load is higher. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum qualification. |
| Romania | 2023/2024 | Four different career levels exist for teachers ('beginner teacher', 'teacher', 'teacher with teaching level II' and 'teaching level I'). The indicated starting statutory salaries relate to the ‘beginner teacher’ career level. The indicated statutory salaries after 10 or 15 years of experience, and at the top of the career relate to the ‘teacher’ career level. The information for upper career levels is not defined centrally. As of 2023/2024, the provisions of Law 153 of 2017 are fully applied: for this reason, the seniority brackets in education have been merged and the maximum level has decreased from "over 40 years" to "over 25. Teachers with higher qualification are paid according to a different salary range. Most of the teachers at pre-primary and primary levels have higher qualification (ISCED 6) and are paid higher salary. |
| Slovenia | 2023/2024 | The salary for starting teachers correspond to the salary of a ‘teacher’; the salary after 10 years to that of a ‘teacher mentor’; the salary after 15 years to that of a ‘teacher advisor’ and at the top of the career, to that of a ‘teacher counsellor’. The national methodology on reporting teacher statutory salaries refers to typical career levels at a specific point in time of a teacher career and typical salary grade increases, according to the legal framework (requirements and possibilities of progression to titles and salary grades). The progression to higher career levels is related to time in service as well as to other requirements. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Slovakia | 2023/2024 | Teachers with higher qualification are paid according to a different salary range with higher salaries. At pre-primary level, teachers with higher qualification are paid a salary higher than the salary associated with the minimum required qualification. Teachers get 0,25% increase for each year of service for the first 8 years of service, then teachers get 0,5% increase for each year of service for the next 32 years. |
| Finland | 2023/2024 | The data on pre-primary teachers includes the salary data teachers in early childhood education and care who are the majority. As of 2024, newly qualified teachers in early childhood education and care (ISCED 02) have a Bachelor's degree in education including studies in in early childhood education and care. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Sweden | 2023/2024 | Sweden does not have statutory salaries. The reported salaries are estimations from actual salaries, including bonuses and allowances, for the calendar year 2023. All salaries refer to full-time salaries, meaning that part-time salaries have been calculated on a full-time basis. ‘Starting teacher’ has been defined as teachers having worked for 1-2 years, and the median values of their salaries are reported. ‘Top of salary scale’ includes teachers belonging to the 90 percentile: 10 % of all teachers have higher or the same salary as the 90 percentile. Salaries on upper secondary level (ISCED 34) also include salaries for ISCED 35, vocational education (but exclude salaries of teachers educating vocational subjects). Specific salaries, as well as working conditions of individual teachers, are being locally determined (i.e., at school level) in an individual-based compensation system. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Albania | 2023/2024 | There is one salary range applied to all teachers regardless of the qualification. Teachers with higher qualification (ISCED 7) can be recruited. However, 100% of the teachers hold the minimum required qualification are are paid according to the salary range associated with the minimum qualification required for newly qualified teachers in the reference year. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2023/2024 | The Eurostat purchasing power parity is not available for this country. |
| Switzerland | 2023/2024 | The average number of years to reach the top of the salary range is an average of the 26 cantons. The minimum qualification requirement is the same across cantons. Data represents the weighted average of the cantonal legal requirements (2023) taking into account the number of full-time equivalents (2022/2023; latest available data). There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum qualification requirement. |
| Iceland | 2023/2024 | The statutory salary of teachers in ISCED 34 is a combination of a collective agreement on pay and a special agreement for each institution (institutional framework for salaries). Statutory salaries for upper-secondary teachers are estimated on the basis of the institutional agreement from a representative school. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Liechtenstein | 2023/2024 | The Eurostat purchasing power parity and constant price indexes are not available for this country. |
| Montenegro | 2023/2024 | The reported statutory salaries are calculated multiplying the starting coefficient set by the collective agreement plus the coefficients corresponding to additional years in service and holidays by the accounting value of the base salary (EUR 90) + a fixed amount of EUR 63, which refers to 1/12 of vacation allowance and meal allowance. The maximum qualification is associated with a different salary range and higher salaries. Half of the teaches are lower secondary and most of the teachers at upper secondary levels are paid according to this salary range. |
| North Macedonia | 2023/2024 | Data for reference year 2023/2024 is not available. |
| Norway | 2023/2024 | The collective agreement determines statutory, country-wide minimum salaries. The local authorities are free to set the wages higher than the minimum wages set in the collective agreement. Higher qualification (additional 60 ECTS and practical pedagogical studies) is associated with different salary range and higher salaries. Most of the teachers at upper secondary and some at primary and lower secondary levels are paid according to this salary range. |
| Serbia | 2023/2024 | There are no official data on statutory salaries, but only on net base starting salaries. However, since contributions paid by the employer and the employee are calculated on the basis of fixed coefficients and percentages, the gross statutory starting salaries are calculated as follows: [gross=((net base*coefficient)-tax deduction*0.1):0.701]. Statutory salaries for teachers with 10, 15 and 40 years are calculated taking into account the 0.4 % salary progression per year. There is one salary range applicable to all teachers and associated with the minimum required qualification. |
| Türkiye | 2023/2024 | The part of social contributions and pension scheme, which are paid by the employee and are therefore considered as part of the statutory salary is regulated by two different laws depending on when teachers started their career: a) for starting teachers and teachers with 10 years of experience; b) for teachers with 15 years of experience and at the top of their career. Data is therefore not fully comparable. Higher qualification is associated with a different salary range and higher salaries. |
Country-specific notes 2022/2023 school year |
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| Belgium-French Community | 2022/2023 | Data refers to the most representative salary scale by ISCED level. Government-dependent private schools are included. |
| Belgium-Flemish Community | 2022/2023 | Government-dependent private schools are included. |
| Bulgaria | 2022/2023 | Regulations only set the minimum statutory salary for the three levels of a teacher’s career: ‘teacher’, ‘senior teacher’ and ‘chief teacher’. Data provided for the annual statutory salary after 10 years corresponds to the minimum salary of a ‘senior teacher’, and the salary after 15 years refers to the minimum salary of a ‘chief teacher’ respectively. |
| Czechia | 2022/2023 | Data on statutory salaries are weighted values based on two different salary tables for years 2022 and 2023. Salary tables consist of 6 pay categories depending on complexity, responsibility and workload, and 7 pay grades according to the length of professional experience. |
| Denmark | 2022/2023 | The reported salaries for teachers at primary level is a weighted average between teachers at grade 1 (børnehaveklasse/class 0) and teachers at grade 2-7 (class 1-6) which have the same profile and salary as teachers at ISCED 24. |
| Germany | 2022/2023 | The statutory salaries represent a weighted average of the data available at Länder level for civil servants in 2022/2023. Data not available for ISCED 02. |
| Estonia | 2022/2023 | Salaries in Estonia are not statutorily defined. Data on the annual gross statutory salary for teachers at ISCED 1, 24 and 34 refers to the minimum salary set by the top-level authority following collective agreement negotiations. There is only one statutory salary that applies to all teachers, without qualification based differentiation. |
| Ireland | 2022/2023 | Data not applicable for ISCED 02. This provision is organised by the private sector and salaries are set by the owners of the settings. |
| Greece | 2022/2023 | Teachers’ position in the pay range depends on their years of experience and additional qualifications which are remunerated as additional years of experience. The salaries for teachers at ISCED 02 of pre-primary Education include only teachers working in pre-primary education schools (nipiagogeia) that are supervised by the Ministry of Education, Religious Affairs and Sports. Data on gross annual statutory salaries are reported on the basis that teachers complete certain years of work experience on 1 September 2022. |
| Spain | 2022/2023 | Salaries are weighted averages of salaries at the regional level (comunidades autónomas). |
| France | 2022/2023 | The teachers’ statutory salaries are gross annual incomes (rémunération annuelle brute statutaire) related to statutory salary scales. The following bonuses received by all teachers are an integral part of teachers’ statutory salaries: a) Residence allowance; b) Computer equipment allowance; c) Attractivity allowance. At ISCED 02 and 1, the following bonus received by all teachers is an integral part of teachers’ statutory salaries: a) ISAE (bonus for follow-up and tutoring. At ISCED 24 and 34, the following bonuses received by all teachers are an integral part of teachers’ statutory salaries: a) Fixed part of ISOE (bonus for follow-up and tutoring); the variable part of this bonus, for teachers taking the role of referent teacher ('professeur principal'), is not included in the statutory salary; b) Bonus for 2 extra hours per year. |
| Croatia | 2022/2023 | Data provided report on fully qualified teachers (at least one year of service) but not on teachers with mentor, advisor or excellent advisor status. 99% of public spending for preschool education is incurred by local authorities (privately held kindergartens are eligible for public subventions). |
| Latvia | 2022/2023 | Regulations set the minimum monthly salary rate for 30 hours work week for ISCED 1-3 teachers and 40 hours work week for ISCED 0 teachers. School heads decide on the teachers' salaries depending on their workload and performance and on the school budget. |
| Lithuania | 2022/2023 | Teachers' salary depends on years in service and qualification level. All indicated statutory salaries correspond to the 'teacher' career category, with the lower minimum salary. |
| Hungary | 2022/2023 | The starting salary refers to ‘fully-qualified trainee teachers'. The other salaries refer to the promotion level of ‘Teacher 1’ and ‘Teacher 2’. All salaries include the ‘sector specific motivation allowance’ paid to all teachers. The salary depends on the qualification level. The pay scale takes into consideration the number of years spent in teaching and the different promotion levels. |
| Malta | 2022/2023 | All teachers are granted an additional payment of EUR 512.52 per year. In addition, they all receive a 'class allowance' and the 'work resources fund', which depend on the education level they work for and on their salary scale. |
| The Netherlands | 2022/2023 | The statutory salary reported is the weighted total yearly statutory salary (allowances included). Unweighted maximum salary is reported for salary scale LD (usually upper secondary level). The majority of teachers in the Randstad area are paid according to the higher salary scale (Randstadregeling). Only ISCED 02 teachers working in primary schools. Daycare is excluded. |
| Austria | 2022/2023 | Data reported are weighted means of the 2022 and 2023 salaries. ISCED 02 is largely organised in kindergartens, which are regulated at the level of the provinces. |
| Poland | 2022/2023 | Since 1 September 2022 three different career levels exist for teachers ('novice teacher', 'appointed teacher' and 'chartered teacher'). For starting teachers, reported data includes salary of teachers classified as ‘novice teachers’. For teachers with 10 years of experience, data reported includes salary of teachers classified as 'appointed teachers'. For teachers with 15 years of experience and at the top of the scale, the salary of the teachers classified as 'chartered teachers' is reported. The local authorities or the school heads may increase funds for teachers' remuneration. According a new regulation on initial teacher training, as of the 2024/2025, newly qualified teachers will be qualified at ISCED 7. |
| Portugal | 2022/2023 | Lower and upper secondary teachers belong to the same formal group. Teachers are classified in ISCED levels according to the level of workload. |
| Romania | 2022/2023 | Four different career levels exist for teachers ('beginner teacher', 'teacher', 'teacher with teaching level II' and 'teaching level I'). The indicated starting statutory salaries relate to the ‘beginner teacher’ career level. The indicated statutory salaries after 10 or 15 years of experience, and at the top of the career relate to the ‘teacher’ career level. The information for upper career levels is not defined centrally. |
| Slovenia | 2022/2023 | The starting teachers' salary correspond to category ‘teacher’; the salary after 10 years to ‘teacher mentor’; the salary after 15 years to ‘teacher advisor’ and at the top of the career to ‘teacher counsellor’. There is a common salary scale with, since April 2023, 66 salary grades. |
| Finland | 2022/2023 | The data on pre-primary teachers includes the salary data for teachers in early childhood education and care who are the majority. As of 2024, newly qualified teachers in early childhood education and care (ISCED 02) will have a Bachelor's degree in Education including studies in early childhood education and care. |
| Sweden | 2022/2023 | Salaries are not statutorily defined. The reported salaries refer to actual salaries, including bonuses and allowances, for the calendar year 2022. Part-time salaries are calculated on a full-time basis. ‘Starting teacher’ is defined as teacher with 1-2 years of experience, and the median values of the salaries is reported. ‘Top of salary scale’ is defined for teachers belonging to the 90 percentile. Salaries on upper secondary level (ISCED 34) also include salaries for ISCED 35, vocational education (but exclude salaries of teachers educating vocational subjects). Salaries and working conditions are determined at school level) in an individual-based compensation system. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2022/2023 | The Eurostat purchasing power parity is not available for this country. |
| Switzerland | 2022/2023 | Data represents the weighted average of the cantonal legal requirements (2022) taking into account the number of full-time equivalents (2021/2022; latest available data). |
| Iceland | 2022/2023 | Salaries are determined by a collective and special agreements (institutional framework for salaries). |
| Liechtenstein | 2022/2023 | The Eurostat purchasing power parity and constant price indexes are not available for this country. |
| Montenegro | 2022/2023 | The reported statutory salaries are calculated by applying a starting coefficient and a coefficients corresponding to additional years in service and holidays. |
| North Macedonia | 2022/2023 | Salaries are adjusted by 0.5% per each year of working experience, but not more than 20%. |
| Norway | 2022/2023 | The minimum salaries are defined by collective agreement. The local authorities are free to set the wages higher than the minimum wages. As of 2022/2023, the general teacher's education has changed from a 4-year education to a master's degree (5 years at ISCED 7). |
| Serbia | 2022/2023 | There are no official data on statutory salaries, but only on net base starting salaries. Statutory salaries for teachers with 10, 15 and 40 years are calculated taking into account the 0.4 % salary progression per year. Statutory salary includes various bonuses (meals, transport etc.). |
| Türkiye | 2022/2023 | The part of social contributions and pension scheme, which are paid by the employee are considered as part of the statutory salary. Salaries are determined by different laws depending on the date of entering into the profession. Data is therefore not fully comparable. |
Country-specific notes 2021/2022 school year |
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| Belgium-French Community | 2021/2022 | The majority of teachers at ISCED 34 have a higher qualification than the minimum and therefore receive a higher statutory salary |
| Belgium-Flemish Community | 2021/2022 | The majority of teachers at ISCED 34 have a higher qualification than the minimum and therefore receive a higher statutory salary |
| Bulgaria | 2021/2022 | Regulations only set the minimum statutory salary for the three levels of a teacher’s career: teacher, senior teacher and chief teacher. The salary after 10 years corresponds to the minimum salary of a senior teacher, and the salary after 15 years to the minimum salary of a chief teacher. |
| Czechia | 2021/2022 | Salaries shown are weighted averages calculated with two salary tables and the estimated proportion of teachers in each pay category and pay grade according to the Information system of salaries in the public sector (ISS) database. For ISCED 34, data include lower grades of gymnazia (ISCED 24) and salaries of generalist teachers in vocational education. |
| Denmark | 2021/2022 | Data show the share of centrally defined statutory salaries. As stated in the collective agreements, part of the statutory salaries must be decided at local level. The centrally defined statutory salary for ISCED 1 teachers is a weighted average of the salaries for teachers in grade 1 of ISCED 1 (børnehaveklasseledere) and those for teachers at grades 2 to 7, which have the same profile and salary as teachers at ISCED 24. |
| Germany | 2021/2022 | Salaries represent a weighted average of the data available at Länder level. |
| Estonia | 2021/2022 | There is no starting salary. Data in the figure refer to minimum annual gross statutory salary that all teachers must receive at ISCED 1, 24 and 34. There is no defined statutory salary based on the level of qualification and no progression based on years in service. For ISCED 02, minimum salaries are decided at the local level. |
| Ireland | 2021/2022 | ISCED 02 provision is organized by the private sector and salaries are set by the owners of the settings. |
| Spain | 2021/2022 | Salaries are weighted averages of salaries at the regional level (comunidades autónomas). |
| Croatia | 2021/2022 | Salaries at ISCED 02 are set by the local authorities. At ISCED 1 and 24, the majority of teachers have a higher qualification than the minimum (the same as at ISCED 34) and consequently receive a higher statutory salary. |
| Latvia | 2021/2022 | Official regulations only define the minimum salary for a 30-hour working week. School heads decide on teachers’ starting salaries depending on their workload and on the school budget. |
| Lithuania | 2021:2022 | All indicated statutory salaries correspond to the ‘teacher’ (starting) career level, with the lower minimum salary. However, four different career levels exist (teacher, senior teacher, methodology teacher and expert teacher). |
| Hungary | 2021/2022 | The starting salary corresponds to the career level of a fully qualified trainee teacher. The salaries for teachers after 10 and 15 years and at the top of their career correspond to the ‘teacher I’ career level, but most teachers are eventually further promoted and receive the top salary for ‘teacher II’. |
| Malta | 2021/2022 | For teachers at ISCED 02, although the minimum qualification level is at ISCED 4, the minimum statutory salary varies according to the number of ECTS obtained at ISCED 5. |
| The Netherlands | 2021/2022 | The indicated statutory salaries are the weighted averages of three salary scales on 1 October 2021 (including allowances). For ISCED 02, only pre-primary teachers working in primary schools are considered. |
| Austria | 2021/2022 | ISCED 02 is mainly organized in kindergartens and regulated at the provincial level. In schools, primary teachers are in charge of the pre-school stage. At ISCED 34, vocational programmes are included. |
| Poland | 2021/2022 | At ISCED 02, 1 and 24, almost all teachers have a higher qualification than the minimum (ISCED 7 instead of ISCED 5) and receive a higher statutory salary, which is reported here. The new regulations on ITE, introduced in the 2019/2020 academic year, set the minimum qualification at ISCED 7 for newly qualified teachers who will enter the teaching profession starting in 2024/2025. |
| Romania | 2021/2022 | At ISCED 02 and ISCED 1, the majority of teachers have a higher qualification than the minimum (the same as at ISCED 24 and ISCED 34) and receive a higher statutory salary. The starting statutory salaries relate to the ‘beginner teacher’ career level. |
| Slovenia | 2021/2022 | The salary for starting teachers corresponds to the salary of a teacher; the salary after 10 years corresponds to that of a teacher mentor; the salary after 15 years corresponds to that of a teacher advisor; and at the top of the career, to that of a teacher counsellor. |
| Sweden | 2021/2022 | There are no statutory salaries. Teachers’ salaries are set individually and based on collective agreements. The reported salaries refer to actual salaries including bonuses and allowances. Starting salaries correspond to the median values of the actual salaries of teachers with up to 2 years’ experience in 2021. Data for ISCED 34 also include generalist teachers in vocational education. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2021/2022 | The Eurostat purchasing power parity is not available for this country. |
| Switzerland | 2021/2022 | The reported statutory salaries are weighted averages of statutory salaries at the regional level (cantons). |
| Iceland | 2021/2022 | Teachers’ statutory salaries at ISCED 34 are a combination of a collective agreement on pay and a special agreement for each institution. They have been estimated based on the institutional agreement of a representative school. For school heads at ISCED 34, the reported values are actual salaries |
| Liechtenstein | 2021/2022 | The Eurostat purchasing power parity and constant price indexes are not available for this country. |
| Norway | 2021/2022 | The majority of teachers at ISCED 34 have a higher qualification than the minimum and therefore receive a higher statutory salary. |
Country-specific notes 2020/2021 school year |
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| Belgium-French Community | 2020/2021 | Data refers to the most representative salary scale by ISCED level. Government-dependent private schools are included. |
| Belgium-Flemish Community | 2020/2021 | The majority of teachers at ISCED 34 have a higher qualification than the minimum and therefore receive a higher statutory salary |
| Denmark | 2020/2021 | The salary for ISCED 1 teachers are weighted averages between the salaries for teachers in grade 1 of ISCED 1 (børnehaveklasseledere) and those for teachers at grades 2 to 7, which have the same profile and salary as teachers at ISCED 24. |
| Germany | 2020/2021 | Salaries are weighted averages of the data available at regional level (Länder). |
| Estonia | 2020/2021 | salaries refer to the minimum wage that all teachers must receive. There is no statutory salary based on the level of qualification and no progression based on years in service. For ISCED 02, minimum salaries are decided at local level. |
| Ireland | 2020/2021 | ISCED 02 provision is organized by the private sector and salaries are set by the owners of the settings. |
| Spain | 2020/2021 | Salaries are weighted averages of salaries at regional level (comunidades autónomas). |
| Croatia | 2020/2021 | At ISCED 1 and 24, the majority of teachers have a higher qualification than the minimum (the same as at ISCED 34) and consequently receive a higher statutory salary |
| Latvia | 2020/2021 | Official regulations only define the minimum salary for a 30-hour working week. School heads decide on teachers' starting salaries depending on their workload and on the school budget. |
| Malta | 2020/2021 | For teachers at ISCED 02, the minimum qualification level is at ISCED 4. However, the majority of teachers have the same qualification level plus 60 European credit transfer system at ISCED 5 and are paid on a higher salary scale. |
| The Netherlands | 2020/2021 | Salaries are the weighted averages of three salary scales – three for ISCED 02 and ISCED 1 and three others for ISCED 23 and ISCED 34 – according to the proportion of teachers paid on each of them on 1 October 2020. ISCED 02 is a 3-year cycle with a first year organized in day-care institutions and the last 2 years in primary schools. Only ISCED 02 teachers working in primary schools are considered. |
| Austria | 2020/2021 | ISCED 02 is mainly organized at provincial level in kindergartens. There are no federal level statistics for this type of provision. In public schools, primary teachers are in charge of the preschool stage. ISCED 34 includes the salaries of teachers in vocational programmes. |
| Poland | 2020/2021 | At ISCED 02, ISCED 1 and ISCED 24, the majority of teachers have a higher qualification than the minimum (the same as at ISCED 34) and receive a higher statutory salary. As of 2024/2025, newly qualified teachers for all four education levels will be qualified at ISCED 7. |
| Romania | 2020/2021 | At ISCED 02 and ISCED 1, the majority of teachers have a higher qualification than the minimum (the same as at ISCED 24 and ISCED 34) and receive a higher statutory salary. |
| Slovenia | 2020/2021 | The salary for starting teachers corresponds to the salary of a teacher; the salary after 10 years corresponds to that of a teacher mentor; the salary after 15 years corresponds to that of a teacher advisor; and at the top of the career, to that of a teacher counsellor. |
| Sweden | 2020/2021 | There are no statutory salaries. Teachers’ salaries are set individually and based on collective agreements. The reported salaries correspond to the median values of the actual salaries of teachers with 1 and 2 years of experience in 2020. ISCED 34 includes the salaries of teachers in vocational programmes. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2020/2021 | Salaries are weighted averages of the data available at all levels (entity of Republika Srpska, cantonal levels of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brcko district). |
| Switzerland | 2020/2021 | Salaries are weighted averages of 2020 salaries at regional level (cantons). |
| Iceland | 2020/2021 | Teachers’ statutory salaries at ISCED 34 are a combination of a collective agreement on pay and a special agreement for each institution. They have been estimated based on the institutional agreement of a representative school. |
| Liechtenstein | 2020/2021 | The Eurostat purchasing power parity and constant price indexes are not available for this country. |